1902-1911年普通中小学堂图画课程改革述评

普通中小学堂图画课程是中国近代化的产物,从1902年＂壬寅学制＂在政策层面上确立了图画课程的地位开始一直到1911年,普通中小学堂图画课程进行了多次改革。这些改革开启了学校制度下中小学美术教育发展的进程,形成了重＂技＂的教育指导思想影响下的普通中小学堂图画课程,体现了浓厚的日本学校图画课程色彩,编纂了我国第一批普通中小学图画课程教科书。虽然受时代条件所限,这一时期课程实施效果不尽如人意,但却反映了近代中国美术教育学人在这一时期的艰难探索和追求。     

Choosing arrival process models for service systems: Tests of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process

Service systems such as call centers and hospital emergency rooms typically have strongly time‐varying arrival rates. Thus, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) is a natural model for the arrival process in a queueing model for performance analysis. Nevertheless, it is important to perform statistical tests with service system data to confirm that an NHPP is actually appropriate, as emphasized by Brown et al. [8]. They suggested a specific statistical test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic after exploiting the conditional‐uniform (CU) property to transform the NHPP into a sequence of i.i.d. random variables uniformly distributed on [0,1] and then performing a logarithmic transformation of the data. We investigate why it is important to perform the final data transformation and consider what form it should take. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to study the power of these alternative statistical tests. We conclude that the general approach of Brown et al. [8] is excellent, but that an alternative data transformation proposed by Lewis [22], drawing upon Durbin [10], produces a test of an NHPP test with consistently greater power. We also conclude that the KS test after the CU transformation, without any additional data transformation, tends to be best to test against alternative hypotheses that primarily differ from an NHPP only through stochastic and time dependence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 66–90, 2014     

Some aging properties of parallel and series systems with a random number of components

In this article, we study aging properties of parallel and series systems with a random number of components. We show that the decreasing likelihood ratio property is closed under the formation of random minima. We also show, by counterexamples, that other aging properties are not closed under the formation of random minima or maxima. Some mistakes in the literature are corrected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 238–243, 2014     

Some comparisons of residual life of coherent systems with exchangeable components

Most of the research, on the study of the reliability properties of technical systems, assume that the components of the system operate independently. However, in real life situation, it is more reasonable to assume that there is dependency among the components of the system. In this article, we give sufficient conditions based on the signature and the joint distribution of component lifetimes to obtain stochastic ordering results for coherent and mixed systems with exchangeable components. Some stochastic orders on dynamic (or conditional) signature of coherent systems are also provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 549–556, 2014     

基于压力间断解析解对AUSM -up格式的修正*

AUSM -up格式是AUSM类系列格式中最完善的,通过在对流通量中引入压力耗散,同时在压力通量中引入速度耗散,使之在各种马赫数下均有良好的收敛性和稳定性。然而,通过对格式的分析,我们发现当马赫数为零时,在压力间断位置会出现质量通量无穷大的非物理现象。为了克服这一缺陷,采用特征线法获得了压力间断问题的解析解;以此为基础,对对流通量中的压力耗散项进行修正,发展出新的AUSM -up格式。以新的格式对不同速度驱动下的冲击波发展、不同强度压力间断问题和激波衍射问题进行了仿真,计算结果与理论解吻合得较好。     

基于副载波参考波形方法的GNSS双载波环多径抑制技术

为了实现对高阶BOC信号的无模糊和抗多径接收,本文将码相关参考波形的闸波设计思路应用于GNSS双载波环路接收方法的副载波锁相环,通过在副载波锁相环中引入设计的闸波参与信号的相干积分过程,使双载波环法具备抗多径性能,同时该方法并不需要额外引入相关器。本文对该设计方法的理论和具体实现进行了阐述和分析,从副载波多径误差包络和跟踪精度两方面对改进的双载波环路方法性能进行了评估。仿真结果显示,采用的算法与双载波环路法相比可以降低BOC(1, 1)信号81.1%的副载波多径误差包络面积,以及BOC(14, 2)信号75.1%的副载波多径误差包络面积。但是,改进的双载波环路法将带来-6dB的相干积分后载噪比损失,降低跟踪精度。因此,在闸波设计参数设计上,需要谨慎选择以平衡算法的多径抑制和跟踪精度性能。综合来看,该方法适用于解决非弱信号条件下及多径环境下的高阶BOC信号接收问题。     

时间序列分析中的模型定阶策略

模型的定阶问题是时间序列分析(包括参数谱估计、系统辨识,回归分析)研究领域中的一个重要问题。本文对现有的数种模型定阶方法,进行了分析、讨论和归纳,指出了它们所适用的场合及优劣。     

Higher‐order Markov chain models for categorical data sequences*

In this paper we study higher‐order Markov chain models for analyzing categorical data sequences. We propose an efficient estimation method for the model parameters. Data sequences such as DNA and sales demand are used to illustrate the predicting power of our proposed models. In particular, we apply the developed higher‐order Markov chain model to the server logs data. The objective here is to model the users' behavior in accessing information and to predict their behavior in the future. Our tests are based on a realistic web log and our model shows an improvement in prediction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

一种用于机电产品测试性设计的传感器优选MINLP模型

在单故障假设条件下,考虑了传感器的失效概率和设备的故障率,提出一种以故障检测率和故障隔离率为约束条件的降低传感器费用和失效概率的混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,从而为机电产品测试性设计中传感器选择问题提供了一种可行和有效的解决方法,并进行了案例验证,说明了该方法的有效性。